This state of the art is used by Nexedi to collect all initiatives in EU, academy and open source communities that could be helpful for Industrial Edge as a Service (IEaaS) implementation. Nexedi also maintains a state of the art document focusing only on open source initiatives.

This page is a work-in-progress. Feel free to contribute by writing to sven (dot) franck (at) nexedi (dot) com or by suggesting new entries on Nexedi's contact page.

Orchestration of Real-Time Services

Standards

EU Projects

• Socrades (EU project, 2010) http://www.socrades.net/: real-time constraints and quality-of-service (QoS) requirements in the context of a service oriented architecture (SOA).
  • hard-real time in SOA: http://www.socrades.net/Documents/objects/file1224779260.pdf (last slide)
  • SOA and real-time services - http://www.socrades.net/Documents/objects/file1259601630.pdf
  • Publications: http://www.socrades.net/Documents/Publications/default.html
• IMC-AESOP (EU project, 2014) http://imc-aesop.org: SoA-based approach for next generation of SCADA/DCS systems targeting Process Control Applications
  • Publications: http://imc-aesop.org/html/Doc2.html
  • Book: https://www.springer.com/de/book/978331905623
• Sirena (ITEA, 2003) https://itea3.org/project/result/download/5473/SIRENA%20Project%20results%20leaflet.pdf considers QOS on real-time constraints
• RECAP (2017, ongoing) - https://recap-project.eu/: QOS-aware orchestration (of tasks)
  • Publications: https://recap-project.eu/publications/

Articles

• Netflix’s Open Source Orchestrator, Conductor, May Prove the Limits of Ordinary Scalability - https://thenewstack.io/netflix-orchestrator-may-prove-limits-ordinary-scalability/

Conferences

Blogs and Journals

Open Source

• SlapOS - https://slapos.nexedi.com
• A list of tools for Docker which may provide orchestration - https://codecondo.com/orchestration-open-source-docker-tools/
• CloudSlang - https://cloudslang.io/#/
• Cloudify - https://cloudify.co/

Orchestration in Real-Time

Standards

EU Projects

Articles

• Towards real-time management of virtualized telecommunication networks - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7014200
• EPC Patent EP96308478 "Method and apparatus for resource allocation when schedule changes are incorporated in real time" filed by British Telecommunications PLC describes a general solution to the general problem of resource allocation in real time in a dynamic system.
• Using Reinforcement Learning for Autonomic Resource Allocation in Clouds: Towards a Fully Automated Workflow, by Xavier Dutreilh, Sergey Kirgizov, Olga Melekhova, Jacques Malenfant, Nicolas Rivierre and Isis Truck (ICAS 2011 : The Seventh International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems).

Conferences

Blogs and Journals

Open Source

• Haizea (https://opennebula.org/tag/haizea/) lease manager, part of the OpenNebula project, provides a notion of deadline-driven provisioning which extends traditional algorithms (best effort, advance, immediate) for resource provisioning. The notion appears as early as 2008 in Borja Sotomayor Candidacy exam or in the article "Combining batch execution and leasing using virtual machines" (Proceeding HPDC '08 Proceedings of the 17th international symposium on High performance distributed computing Pages 87-96). Its application to IaaS is described in the article "Policy based resource allocation in IaaS cloud" by Amit Nathania, Sanjay Chaudharya and Gaurav Somanib (Future Generation Computer Systems, Volume 28, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 94-103).

Interoperability

Standards

• DDS - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Distribution_Service
• OPC-UA PubSub - https://opcfoundation.org/news/press-releases/opc-foundation-announces-opc-ua-pubsub-release-important-extension-opc-ua-communication-platform/
• ISA-95 for OPC-UA
  • https://www.isa.org/intech/20171203/
  • https://www.automaatioseura.fi/site/assets/files/1442/opc_7_hunkar_isa95-2.pdf
• RAMI architecture - https://ec.europa.eu/futurium/en/system/files/ged/a2-schweichhart-reference_architectural_model_industrie_4.0_rami_4.0.pdf
• IIRA architecture - https://www.iiconsortium.org/IIRA.htm
• IBM architecture - https://www.ibm.com/cloud/garage/architectures/iotArchitecture/industrie_40

EU Projects

• IDev40 (2019, ongoing) - http://www.idev40.eu/ which involves TTTech
  • http://www.idev40.eu/project-work/work-plan - WP2+WP3  maybe relevant
• Daedalus (2016, ongoing) - http://daedalus.iec61499.eu is a completely distributed automation platform based on IEC-61499

Articles

• Interoperability in Smart Manufacturing (2019) - https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/7/2/21/pdf

Conferences

Blogs and Journals

Open Source

Portability

Standards

• POSIX - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX

EU Projects

Articles

• Fog Orchestration for Internet of Things Services - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7867735
• Toward Portable Cloud Manufacturing Services - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6939583

Conferences

Blogs and Journals

• Linux kernel bug delivers corrupt TCP/IP data to Mesos, Kubernetes, Docker containers - https://tech.vijayp.ca/linux-kernel-bug-delivers-corrupt-tcp-ip-data-to-mesos-kubernetes-docker-containers-4986f88f7a19
• Are Linux containers stable enough for production and why Nexedi uses SlapOS nano-containers instead ? https://www.nexedi.com/NXD-Blog.Docker.SlapOS.Nano.Container.Elbe

Open Source

Time-Sensitive Networking

Standards

• IEEE 802.11 TSN - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-Sensitive_Networking
• 3GPP Release 15 (5G NR) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5G_NR
• Time Slotted Channel Hopping - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Slotted_Channel_Hopping
• IEEE 1588 v2 has been used to synchronise LTE/NR virtual radio access networks (VRAN) over standard Ethernet, a problem which is very close to deterministic networking. Most switches and Ethernet adapters support IEEE 1588 v2.

EU Projects

Articles

• TSNSCHED: Automated Schedule Generation for Time Sensitive Networking

Conferences

Blogs and Journals

• http://www.realtime-ethernet.de/ solutions and scientific publications (ends in 2013)

Open Source

• AccessTSN - https://www.accesstsn.com - Modular open source driver for realtime applications within a TSN based network includes some software defined TSN-like approach which could be used beyond Layer 2
• PEWIT (Nexedi, 2003 - https://svn.erp5.org/repos/public/pewit/trunk/pmpd/) solves the problem of the hidden base station in long range 802.11b radio networks by using time slots and deterministic transmission control

Time-Sensitive Routing

Standards

• Babel (RFC 6126 https://www.irif.fr/~jch/software/babel/), a loop-avoiding distance-vector routing protocol for networking which is drawing a lot of attention recently at IETF, has implemented a delay-based metric capable of finding the lowest latency route (https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-babel-applicability-06.html)
• IETF Deterministic Networking Group - https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/detnet/about/
• IETF is showing increasing interest towards deterministic networks with a BOF on deterministic Wifi in 2019 in Prague (https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-detnet-use-cases-19)
• IETF proposes practical low latency in 5G radio networks with session continuity on distributed core networks (https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-defoy-mptcp-5g-session-continuity-support-00)
• 6TISH (RFC8180) provides IPv6 over a Time-Slotted Channel Hopping
  • https://tools.ietf.org/wg/6tisch/ 
  • https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc8180/
  • https://bitbucket.org/6tisch/draft-ietf-6tisch-6top-interface/wiki/Home 
• OpenWSN - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenWSN
• 6LoWPAN - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6LoWPAN

EU Projects

• F-Interop (H2020, 2015-2018) - https://www.f-interop.eu/

Articles

• Time sensitive networking from Layer 2 to 3 - http://eecatalog.com/ethernet/2018/08/21/time-sensitive-networkings-journey-from-layer-2-to-layer-3/
• Achieving end-to-end real-time Quality of Service with Software Defined Networking - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6968971

Conferences

Blogs and Journals

Open Source

• Tutorial: TSCH and 6TiSCH - https://github.com/contiki-ng/contiki-ng/wiki/Tutorial:-TSCH-and-6TiSCH

Open Source Industrial Automation Architecture

Standards

• Edge computing for industrial applications by https://ecconsortium.eu/
• 5G based industrial automation (https://www.5g-acia.org

EU Projects

Articles

Conferences

• Slowtec's presentation of Rust applied to industrial automation
• Linutronix's presentation about real time Linux for industrial machinery
• An Open Source IEC 61131-3 Integrated Development Environment (see also RMLL)
• An educational open-source tool for the design of IEC 61131-3 compliant automation software 2008
• OpenPLC: An IEC 61,131–3 compliant open source industrial controller for cyber security research

Blogs and Journals

Open Source

• SlapOS: Edge Computing
• ProviewR: PLC suite (and documentation)
• OpenPLC: (article and source)
• Wendelin: data lake
• fluentd: data collection
• slowtec SDK including modbux and sensor support
• OpenRobotics creators of ROS and Gazebo
• IEC 61131-3 Virtual Machine: compiler for IEC 61131-3 textual languages
• ScadaBR: brazilian solution created by Sensorweb
• IndigoScada: used in a range of industries from solar arrays to wind farms
• OpenScada: created by IBH SYSTEMS GmbH
• Neoscada: by Eclipse
• Tango: SCADA and DCS solution used by AWS
• Epics Control: a software environment used to develop and implement distributed control systems

Open Source Robotics

Standards

EU Projects

Articles

Conferences

Blogs and Journals

Open Source

• H-ROS system on module powered by ROS2
• Presentation of Open Source Robotics from KU Leuven (2011) - https://people.mech.kuleuven.be/~orocos/euRobotics2011/OpenSourceRTInd.pdf
• Orocos (EU, FLOSS) - http://www.orocos.org/, difference to ROS https://www.researchgate.net/post/Differences_between_ROS_and_OROCOS
• Player Stage (US) - https://github.com/rtv/Stage . http://rtv.github.io/Stage/ robot simulator
• openrobothardware.org by Yale - https://www.eng.yale.edu/grablab/openrobothardware.html
• https://www.openrobotics.org

AI

Hardware

• Coral AI: SOM for TensorFlow made by Google/li>

Articles

• Google's Raspberry Pi-like Coral: Meet new Coral Dev Board Mini and tiny Accelerator